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Adding a primary key will automatically create a unique B-tree index on the column or group of columns listed in the primary key, and will force the column(s) to be marked NOT NULL. A table can have at most one primary key. (There can be any number of unique and not-null constraints, which are functionally almost the same thing, but only one can be identified as the primary key.). Learn how to define an auto increment primary key in SQL Server. This data tutorial will explain basic table creation and information around using identity a. Auto-increment allows a unique number to be generated automatically when a new record is inserted into a table. Often this is the primary key field that we would like to be created automatically every time a new record is inserted. Skyvia is a cloud service for Add an auto increment primary key in PostgreSQL integration & backup. Perform Add an auto increment primary key in PostgreSQL data import, export, replication, and synchronization easily.
Summary: in this tutorial, we will show you what the primary key is and how to manage PostgreSQL primary key constraints through SQL statements.
A primary key is a column or a group of columns used to identify a row uniquely in a table.
You define primary keys through primary key constraints. Technically, a primary key constraint is the combination of a not-null constraint and a UNIQUE constraint.
A table can have one and only one primary key. It is a good practice to add a primary key to every table. When you add a primary key to a table, PostgreSQL creates a unique B-tree index on the column or a group of columns used to define the primary key.
Define primary key when creating the table
Normally, we add the primary key to a table when we define the table’s structure using CREATE TABLE statement.
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The following statement creates a purchase order (PO) header table with the name po_headers.
The po_no is the primary key of the po_headers table, which uniquely identifies purchase order in the po_headers table.
In case the primary key consists of two or more columns, you define the primary key constraint as follows:
For example, the following statement creates the purchase order line items table whose primary key is a combination of purchase order number ( po_no) and line item number ( item_no).
If you don’t specify explicitly the name for primary key constraint, PostgreSQL will assign a default name to the primary key constraint. By default, PostgreSQL uses table-name_pkey as the default name for the primary key constraint. In this example, PostgreSQL creates the primary key constraint with the name po_items_pkey for the po_items table.
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In case you want to specify the name of the primary key constraint, you use CONSTRAINT clause as follows:
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Define primary key when changing the existing table structure
It is rare to define a primary key for existing table. In case you have to do it, you can use the ALTER TABLE statement to add a primary key constraint.
The following statement creates a table named products without defining any primary key.
Postgresql Auto Increment Primary Key Alter Table
Suppose you want to add a primary key constraint to the products table, you can execute the following statement:
How to add an auto-incremented primary key to an existing table
Suppose, we have a vendors table that does not have any primary key.
And we add few rows to the vendors table using INSERT statement:
To verify the insert operation, we query data from the vendors table using the following SELECT statement:
Now, if we want to add a primary key named id into the vendors table and the id field is auto-incremented by one, we use the following statement:
Let’s check the vendors table again.
Remove primary key
To remove an existing primary key constraint, you also use the ALTER TABLE statement with the following syntax:
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For example, to remove the primary key constraint of the products table, you use the following statement:
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In this tutorial, you have learned how to add and remove primary key constraints using CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE statements.